Between a rock and a hard place: experimental assessment of recruitment patterns in a bathyal environment of the Low Arctic
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The study of larval transport and recruitment in the deep sea is crucial to the understanding of species distributions, community assembly, and the potential effects of anthropogenic activity and climate change on the maintenance of biodiversity. This study sought to better understand the role of substratum features in deep-sea larval recruitment at high latitudes. Four settlement frames composed of blocks of different substrata (mesh, plastic, stone, and wood) were deployed for 9 to 13 months at bathyal depths in the Labrador Sea (northeastern Canada). Colonial hydrozoans dominated as recruits, with one taxon (family Campanulariidae) colonizing all substratum types across all geographic sites. Other taxa, including arthropods, octocorals, and other anthozoans recruited only onto specific substrata and consistent microhabitats within them. Overall, higher morphospecies and phylum richness characterized the three-dimensional mesh substratum relative to other substratum types, whereas the complex surface area offered by projections in the plastic substratum had higher densities of individuals or colonies for all morphospecies combined. Wood, offered as a single elongated panel, was the most heavily colonized, whereas both mesh and stone hosted morphospecies not found on any other substratum type. Factors such as geographic location, depth, altitude above the sea floor, and orientation/obstruction of the frame, may have modulated recruitment patterns. These results provide foundational knowledge on larval recruitment patterns and early colonization by opportunistic hard-bottom benthic taxa in a poorly-studied region of the Eastern Canadian deep sea.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".