Racialized Politicians' Views of Democracy and Racism in Canada
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This chapter explores the status of racial and ethnic equality in a democratic country through the (under)representation of racialized people holding elected positions in Canada. To this end, we undertook a qualitative study to elucidate the multifarious conditions of the political and social spaces which interact with racialized people&s;s representation. This includes the dynamic manifestations of barriers and systems of support that either inhibit or facilitate their effective participation in electoral and democratic processes. We conducted semi-structured interviews with 11 racialized politicians from Canada&s;s most diverse provinces, British Columbia, Ontario, and Québec. We identified five major themes in the respondents&s; accounts including: white supremacy, French culture and Québec, systemic racism and democracy, diverse representation, and online and offline abuse. Situated within the conceptual framework of empirical critical race theory (e-CRT), this chapter addresses a crucial knowledge gap about the political realities of racialized people in a democratic nation, and how they perceive these experiences to impact the functioning and progress of democracy.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.045 | 0.016 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.008 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.004 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".