Figures of merit to quantify betavoltaic device performance
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Betavoltaic energy conversion is a specialized energy harvesting technology using a semiconductor to convert beta radiation from a radiation source into continuous electricity. Many semiconductor materials and radioactive isotopes are viable, making it challenging to benchmark technologies. To facilitate comparison, modeling, and characterization, we introduce three figures of merit: capture efficiency, gain, and gain efficiency. We showcase these metrics by numerically modeling the performance of GaAs, SiC, and GaN p-n and p-i-n junctions under H 3 and Ni 63 radioisotope irradiation. The capture efficiency describes the energy fraction that can be absorbed by the cell. The gain and gain efficiency quantify carrier multiplier effects and carrier collection effectiveness. The figures of merit study indicates that (1) absorber materials with low atomic numbers improve energy capture in the cell and (2) single-junction betavoltaics do not require complete radiation absorption to obtain maximum operating efficiency.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.003 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it