“Breathing” Mechanism of Polymer Pillar In/Out of Lattice Enabling High‐Loading Cathodes for Aqueous Zinc Batteries
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Vanadium oxide cathodes for aqueous zinc batteries require enhanced kinetics at high rates and high loadings. Herein, a polyacrylamide (PAM) intercalated layered vanadium oxide (PAM‐VO) is prepared. It undergoes a unique “breathing” mechanism during discharge and charge, with the PAM pillar presenting bi‐functional roles to promote reaction kinetics. Specifically, water molecules co‐intercalate with Zn 2+ during discharge and facilitate cation diffusion in lattices. Interestingly, it also leads to the swelling of hydrophilic PAM, which further induces partial layer exfoliation and pillar release. It in situ generates cation‐conducting hydrogel around parent particles, thereby facilitating cation transport at grain boundaries. A reversible change is noted during charge so that the integrity and stability of the cathode are retained. Thanks to the rapid cation transport both in lattices and at grain boundaries, the PAM‐VO cathode achieves 545 mAh g −1 capacity at 0.2 A g −1 and retains 190 mAh g −1 at a high current density of 50 A g −1 , superior to 270 and 3 mAh g −1 , respectively, obtained with a regular water‐pillared cathode. A high area capacity of 17.5 mAh cm −2 is also realized at a high PAM‐VO loading of 45.4 mg cm −2 . The excellent performance further enables an Ah‐level pouch cell.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".