Impact of Horizontal Gene Transfer on Adaptations to Extreme Environments
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Horizontal (or lateral) gene transfer - an acquisition of genetic material not associated with the organismal reproduction - is known to alter genomes of most, if not all, living organisms. There is mounting evidence for the importance of gene exchange in organismal adaptations to new or changing environmental conditions. In comparison to accumulation of de novo mutations, acquisition of a gene already beneficial in the environment is fast and less costly, and thus an advantageous, way to adjust to survival and growth in new conditions. Adaptation to extreme environments at the boundaries of habitat conditions beyond which cellular integrity, metabolism and growth are not possible, is not an exception. Here we review the impact of horizontal gene transfer on organismal adaptations to natural and human-made extreme environments. This includes thermophiles living at high temperatures, psychrophiles found at low temperatures, acidophiles inhabiting high acidity environments, alkaliphiles thriving at high pH, halophiles found in high salt environments, xerophiles that can tolerate extremely low water availability, oligotrophes thriving at low nutrient availability, piezophiles inhabiting high pressure environments, and organisms that can withstand high levels of ionizing radiation. We also discuss the challenges and future directions for deciphering genetic determinants and horizontal gene transfer events of extremophiles' adaptations.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".