Deposition of CO2 ice under Martian polar conditions: Textures, NIR reflectance and response to thermal stresses
Bibliographic record
Abstract
We created an experimental setup to simulate polar martian conditions and study the behavior of CO 2 ice. This paper summarizes the observations from the first year of operation of the MARs Volatile and Ice evolutioN Chamber (MARVIN) at York University (2020−2021). We observed three different textures of CO 2 ice deposited on the cold plate and recorded the reflectance of the ice in the near-infrared range of 1–2.5 μm throughout its deposition. Polycrystalline translucent slab ice formed in most experiments when the environmental conditions were closest to those on Martian poles, as reported by other authors (Portyankina et al., 2019; Schmitt et al., 2020). Additionally, we observed fine-grained CO₂ ice sintering and integrating into an existing translucent slab ice. We further discuss some results and challenges of measuring the reflectance of the translucent CO 2 ice and influence of the substrate on results. Finally, we recorded fracturing of CO 2 ice slab in an experimental run that simulated basal sublimation induced jet-like gas eruptions.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".