Environment influences migration timing of cold-adapted salmonids ( <i>Salvelinus alpinus</i> and <i>S. malma malma</i> ) in the Canadian Arctic
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Shifts in migration timing in response to climate change have implications for fitness and survival of cold-adapted species. We used acoustic telemetry to investigate and compare environmental influences on return to fresh water between sympatric anadromous Arctic char ( Salvelinus alpinus) and Dolly Varden ( Salvelinus malma malma), and between overwintering locations (above or below an obstacle—a substantial cascade). Both Arctic char and Dolly Varden that overwintered below the cascade returned to fresh water later in the year, when sea surface temperature was warm and river temperature was cool, whereas Dolly Varden that overwintered above the cascade returned to fresh water earlier in the year, at cooler sea surface temperatures and during warm and likely stressful river temperatures. Ascension of the cascade by Dolly Varden (no Arctic char were observed to ascend the cascade) was likely assisted by high tide but unaffected by other environmental factors, including temperature. Fish demonstrated plasticity in response to inter-annual variation in environmental conditions, but may experience decoupling of environmental cues and suitable migratory conditions, which could impact persistence of these ecologically and culturally important species.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".