Multi-Millijoule Nanosecond Fiber Amplifier at 2.8 μm
Bibliographic record
Abstract
High-energy, short-pulse laser sources operating near water absorption peak$(2.94 \mu \mathrm{m})$has crucial importance for many applications especially in biomedicine. This significance comes from high water content of biomedical tissues which allows such lasers to take full advantage of the strong water absorption near this wavelength. The use of high-energy pulses near this peak enhances ablation efficiency, enables penetration into dense or hard materials such as bone and calcified tissues and facilitates faster, cleaner process by minimizing residue and debris. The ideal duration of pulses for minimizing thermal effects in biomaterials needs to be shorter than the thermal relaxation time$(10 \mu \mathrm{s})$and comparable to or shorter than the thermoelastic stress propagation time, which is around 1 ns [1], [2]. The laser operation at this short pulse duration and near water absorption peak is output energy limited to sub-mJ level and one of the ideal approaches is to use fluoride fiber amplifiers to boost the limited energy of such systems to multi-millijoule levels.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.012 | 0.005 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".