Growth plasticity linked to partial migration in Atlantic halibut
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Partial migration is a common strategy in marine fishes, enhancing resilience through diversified movement patterns that buffer the effects of environmental changes. A key ecological outcome of migration behaviour is growth variability, which provides insights into the adaptive value of different migratory strategies. Using otolith back-calculation, we investigated how growth patterns of Atlantic halibut (Hippoglossus hippoglossus) in the Gulf St. Lawrence (Canada) varied among resident and migratory individuals whose migration histories were determined previously via otolith chemistry. Von Bertalanffy growth models fitted with nonlinear mixed-effects models revealed that migrants exhibited faster growth rates and greater theoretical maximum lengths compared to residents of both sexes, with significant differences in length-at-age emerging from the age of six. However, both contingents showed good condition, with no differences in relative condition. Overall, growth differences likely reflect the benefits of warmer temperatures and increased prey abundance or quality in shallow summer habitats for migrants, contrasted with potential increased competition in denser halibut populations in deeper channels. Overall, this observed difference in growth suggests that increased habitat quality in shallow areas can overcompensate for energy costs associated with an annual migration, which can exceed 1000 km. The complex growth dynamics between migratory and resident contingents highlight the challenges of managing species with partial migration, where specific components may disproportionately contribute to stock biomass, particularly in the context of changing environmental conditions.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".