Investigation of Dual-Flame-Front Stabilization in Partially Premixed Hydrogen Flames Using Synchronized PIV/OH-PLIF
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract With the growing interest in hydrogen combustion, innovative strategies are required to achieve low-NOx, stable, and safe combustion systems. This study investigates partially premixed hydrogen flames stabilized on a swirled coaxial injector, focusing on the interaction between multiple flame fronts and their surrounding flow fields. The injector features a dual-swirl configuration, with air introduced in an annular channel and an H2/air rich premixed mixture supplied through the central channel. A variety of flame structures with varying swirl have previously been stabilized while achieving low nitrogen oxide emissions. While this injection technology is promising, the double flames resulting from air-staging yield a complex multiregime structure that requires further investigation. The analysis is focused on two flame conditions, differing by the intensity of swirl, highlighting its role in defining flame structure and emissions. Synchronized stereoscopic particle image velocimetry (SPIV) and OH planar laser-induced fluorescence (OH-PLIF) diagnostics are used to simultaneously capture the velocity field and flame contours, allowing detailed analysis of flame–flow interactions. The results reveal distinct flame behaviors that are scrutinized. These findings emphasize the impact of rich premixing and swirl intensity on flame stabilization and pollutant formation. By altering the interaction between the central recirculation zone (CRZ), shear layers, and flame fronts, the injector's design strongly influences both aerodynamic and chemical processes. This study provides valuable insights for optimizing hydrogen combustion systems to balance flame stability and emission control.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".