Genomic resequencing reveals genetic diversity, population structure, and core collection of durian germplasm
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Durio zibethinus Murr. is a tropical fruit crop of growing global importance, prized for its unique flavor and nutritional value. Yet only a narrow genetic base has been utilized in breeding efforts. We performed whole-genome resequencing of 114 diverse durian accessions collected in China, identifying over 39 million high-quality SNPs across the genome, revealing genome-wide patterns of diversity. Population structure analysis revealed three major genetic clusters, supported by PCA, phylogenetic analysis, and STRUCTURE modeling. Genome-wide scans identified candidate selective sweeps, and several genes potentially under selection. From the 114 accessions, we further identified a core collection of representative durian germplasms capturing the majority of the species' genetic diversity. This subset includes both elite cultivars and genetically distinct individuals. Our study provides insights into the genetic diversity and population structure of cultivated durian. The defined core collection and genomic variation map establish a valuable resource for durian breeding and germplasm conservation. These findings will facilitate the identification of superior alleles for important traits and guide future durian improvement programs.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".