Comparative Evaluation of the Antioxidant Activity, and Anti-Melanogenic Properties of <i>Diplotaxis tenuifolia</i> and <i>Eruca sativa</i> Extracts on B16F10 Melanoma Cells
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Hypermelanotic conditions including melasma, freckles and age spots occur largely due to the overproduction of melanin.Therefore, research has been increasingly focused on identification of melanogenesis inhibitors, especially among non-toxic, plant-derived compounds.The objective of this study was to assess and compare the antioxidative effects and the melanogenesis-suppressing potential of absolute ethanol extracts obtained from Diplotaxis tenuifolia (D. tenuifolia) and Eruca sativa (E.sativa).The antioxidative effects of the extracts were determined by measuring the total phenolic and flavonoid contents, along with a 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging assay.The suppression of mushroom-derived tyrosinase, cellular enzyme activity, as well as melanin content within B16F10 melanoma cells were examined to evaluate the anti-melanogenic effect.Both extracts dose-dependently inhibited mushroom tyrosinase, with D. tenuifolia achieving more than 50% reduction in enzyme activity, and a significant effect observed at 50 µg/mL (P<0.001),thus demonstrating a strong inhibitory effect on melanogenesis-related enzymatic processes.D. tenuifolia exhibited a marked suppressive effect on tyrosinase function and melanin synthesis within 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine-induced B16F10 melanoma cells, whereas the response elicited by E. sativa was notably less pronounced.Western blot analysis revealed that D. tenuifolia downregulated tyrosinase-related protein 1 (TRP-1) expression without altering microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF) levels, suggesting the selective inhibition of melanin synthesis independent of MITF regulation.Notably, this effect was accompanied by a significant increase in phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), implying that activation of the ERK pathway may contribute to the post-transcriptional or post-translational suppression of TRP-1.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".