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Record W4413495343 · doi:10.1007/s40279-025-02249-8

Pregnant Pitches: Navigating Football Before and During Pregnancy

2025· review· en· W4413495343 on OpenAlexaff
Amal Hassan, Sinéad Dufour, Emma Brockwell, Michiko Dohi, Margie H. Davenport

Bibliographic record

VenueSports Medicine · 2025
Typereview
Languageen
FieldMedicine
TopicPregnancy-related medical research
Canadian institutionsWomen and Children’s Health Research InstituteMcMaster UniversityHamilton Health Sciences
Fundersnot available
KeywordsSports medicineFootballPregnancyMedicinePoison controlAmerican footballObstetricsPhysical therapyMedical emergencyBiologyPolitical science

Abstract

fetched live from OpenAlex

With more high-profile footballers smashing expectations and returning to peak performance after childbirth, pregnancy is no longer seen as a barrier to elite football. In order to optimize postpartum return to performance it is essential that the football community proactively work together to obtain up to date information related to pregnancy and apply this to the context of current female football. To create scalable guidance for safe football participation during pregnancy and effective protocols for successful performance, we must first establish the current state of scientific research on the topic. Through appropriately standardized and timely player education, targeted medical screening, monitoring, and intervention, the reproductive health and fertility potential of female footballers can be optimized in support of their family planning wishes and long-term football participation and performance. The state of the science related to exercise and athletic performance in pregnancy has evolved in recent years. This evolution requires articulation and integration with the current state of female football. The bridge between these two spheres highlights the need for maintained football participation throughout pregnancy, following appropriate precautions, to reduce the risk of detraining and to help support players' psychosocial well-being and sense of athletic identity. This review articulates the state of the science as relevant to the contemporary female footballer together with their support system, to provide the needed foundation for the application of these considerations into practice. Greater support for footballer-mothers keeps more women in the game for longer, and inspires women and girls to get involved in a sport that can be continued as a lifelong endeavor.

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

How this classification was reachedexpand

Full frame distilled prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.001
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.003
Version: codex-gemma-dda1882f352aValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesMeta-epidemiology (narrow), Research integrity
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Systematic review · Consensus signal: none
GenreCandidate signal: Review · Consensus signal: Review
Teacher disagreement score0.822
Threshold uncertainty score1.000

Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0010.003
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0010.001
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0050.000
Bibliometrics0.0010.001
Science and technology studies0.0000.001
Scholarly communication0.0000.000
Open science0.0000.001
Research integrity0.0010.004
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0000.000

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.029
GPT teacher head0.377
Teacher spread0.347 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it

Classification

machine, unvalidated

Machine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.

Study designSystematic review
Domainnot available
GenreReview

How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".

Quick stats

Citations3
Published2025
Admission routes1
Has abstractyes

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