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Record W4413497657 · doi:10.1186/s41205-025-00292-9

A scoping review of literature about 3D printing: knowledge, skills and attitude for simulation educators in healthcare

2025· review· en· W4413497657 on OpenAlex
Luther Raechal, Maria Bajwa, Jabeen Fayyaz, Giovanni Biglino, Suzan Kardong‐Edgren

Why this work is in the frame

A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.

affAt least one author lists a Canadian institution in the pinned OpenAlex snapshot.

Bibliographic record

Venue3D Printing in Medicine · 2025
Typereview
Languageen
FieldEngineering
TopicAnatomy and Medical Technology
Canadian institutionsUniversity of TorontoSickKids Foundation
Fundersnot available
KeywordsCINAHLHealth careTransformative learningInclusion (mineral)Medical education3D printingResource (disambiguation)Computer scienceKnowledge managementPsychologyMEDLINEMedicineEngineeringPedagogyPolitical scienceMechanical engineering

Abstract

fetched live from OpenAlex

BACKGROUND: Three-Dimensional (3D) printing, also known as additive manufacturing (Linke, Additive manufacturing, explained, 2017), has rapidly emerged as a transformative tool in healthcare simulation. This scoping review investigates simulation educators' knowledge, skills, and attitudes (KSAs) about the impact of 3D printing and explores 3D printing's broader applications in healthcare simulation. By synthesizing existing literature, this study aims to identify trends, challenges, and opportunities for integrating 3D printing into simulation-based education. MAIN BODY: The review followed the PRISMA-ScR framework, employing a six-step approach. A comprehensive search was conducted across databases, including PubMed, Medline, ERIC, CINAHL, and Google Scholar, covering studies published between 2000 and 2023. Keywords related to 3D printing and simulation-based education were used. Inclusion criteria focused on peer-reviewed articles discussing 3D printing's role in KSAs for simulation educators and its applications in healthcare simulation. Articles were charted and analyzed thematically to identify trends, challenges, and outcomes. A total of 181 studies were included, spanning 36 countries and 113 journals. Most studies focused on medical education, with 73% utilizing 3D-printed models for direct teaching. Key themes identified included realism, skill development, cost-effectiveness, and teaching effectiveness. Challenges included model accuracy, training gaps for educators, and resource limitations. Study designs were predominantly descriptive, with a significant portion being single-site case reports. CONCLUSION: 3D printing has the potential to revolutionize simulation-based education by enhancing realism, accessibility, and skill development. However, gaps in educator training and methodological rigor must be addressed. Future research should focus on multi-institutional studies and long-term outcomes to maximize the impact of the technology.

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

Full frame distilled prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.001
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.004
Version: codex-gemma-dda1882f352aValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesMeta-epidemiology (narrow)
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Systematic review · Consensus signal: none
GenreCandidate signal: Review · Consensus signal: Review
Teacher disagreement score0.515
Threshold uncertainty score1.000

Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0010.004
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0020.000
Bibliometrics0.0010.001
Science and technology studies0.0000.000
Scholarly communication0.0000.000
Open science0.0000.000
Research integrity0.0000.001
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0000.000

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.021
GPT teacher head0.409
Teacher spread0.388 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it