Fatigue performance of externally post-tensioned steel–concrete composite girders
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Understanding the fatigue behavior of retrofitted beams in bridge structures is vital. The effects of pre-fatigue conditions on the efficacy of retrofitting tend to be overlooked. In this paper, five specimens were experimentally tested under fatigue. The effects of external retrofitting on the cyclic crack patterns on the concrete flanges, cyclic incremental deformations, and strains were investigated with various pre-fatigue conditions. The pre-fatigue conditions included exposure to outdoor environmental changes, plastic deformations, and prior cyclic loading. The results showed that external PT enhanced the performance of the individual components of the composite specimens, which improved the overall fatigue performance of the strengthened specimens. However, the strengthened specimens experienced longitudinal fatigue cracks in the concrete flanges because of post-tensioning. The pre-damage conditions due to prior cyclic loading and environmental changes caused greater damage in concrete around the studs relative to the plastically pre-deformed strengthened specimen and led to more incremental deformations and strains.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".