Hemocyanin controls <i>Vibrio</i> levels in hemolymph by modulating intracellular ROS via p38 MAPK
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Redox reactions are essential for various biological processes, hence, maintaining redox homeostasis is critical for cellular health and host–microbe interactions, particularly in marine invertebrates, where these processes remain poorly understood. This study investigates the role of the respiratory protein hemocyanin in regulating redox-related genes, reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels in shrimp hemocytes, and its influence on immune function and hemolymph Vibrio abundance. Our results show that hemocyanin is crucial in the regulation of the redox system, as hemocyanin knockdown disrupts the expression of antioxidant (PvPOD and PvGPX) and pro-oxidant (PvXOX) genes and redox enzyme activities, leading to elevated ROS levels in hemocytes. Additionally, we found that hemocyanin controls redox homeostasis in hemocytes through the p38-MAPK-c-Jun signaling pathway. Moreover, ROS levels regulated by hemocyanin via the MAPK pathway impacted on hemolymph Vibrio spp. abundance. These findings highlight a crucial role of hemocyanin as an antioxidant that modulates redox balance in shrimp hemocytes, with significant implications for immune defense and microbial homeostasis, offering new insights into antioxidative mechanisms in marine invertebrates.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".