Role of Flotillin-1 In <i>Listeria monocytogenes</i> Cell-to-Cell Spreading
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Listeria monocytogenes spreads intercellularly by creating actin-rich projections that are endocytosed into recipient cells. Caveolin-mediated endocytosis has been implicated in this process, accounting for about 70% in cell-to-cell spread in cells depleted of caveolin-1. Thus, additional mechanisms may contribute to the remaining spread, and we examined the role of flotillin-based endocytosis. We found that flotillin-1 localized to L. monocytogenes invaginations in recipient cells and depletion of flotillin-1 significantly impaired bacterial transfer. Similarly, preventing endogenous flotillin-1 from membrane association significantly reduced bacterial spread. To evaluate whether there was interplay between flotillin-1- and caveolin-1-mediated endocytosis at L. monocytogenes invagination sites, we measured the area of spread in cells with both caveolin-1 and flotillin-1 knockdown and found a further significant decrease in spread and many cells with complete blockage. This work demonstrates that flotillin-based endocytosis is crucial for cell-to-cell spreading of L. monocytogenes and that this endocytic strategy can internalize large membrane protrusions.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".