Toward cesium halide-gradient stabilized CH3NH3PbI3 perovskite solar cells
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Halide-Gradient intercalation emerges as a promising strategy for enhancing the stability of perovskite solar cells (PSCs). In this study, we systematically investigate the effects of interfacial cesium halide (CsX, X = Cl, Br, I) intercalation on the morphology and crystallinity, charge transport properties, and environmental stability of CH 3 NH 3 I 3 (MAPbI 3 )-based PSCs. A gradient interlayer of CsX was vacuum deposited on both sides of perovskite films. Comprehensive characterization revealed that Br − and Cl − effectively increase crystallinity, passivate defects, and facilitate charge extraction. Among the three halides, Br − intercalated devices achieved the highest power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 18.93 %, along with minimal hysteresis and excellent reproducibility. Long-term stability tests under 30 %–40 % relative humidity and thermal aging at 85 °C revealed that devices with intercalated Br − and Cl − retained over 85 % of their initial PCE after 4000 and 640 h, respectively. These findings highlight that interfacial halide intercalation, particularly with Br − , is a viable approach to improve the operational stability of perovskite photovoltaics, with minimal efficiency compromise.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".