Toward cesium halide-gradient stabilized CH3NH3PbI3 perovskite solar cells
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Halide-Gradient intercalation emerges as a promising strategy for enhancing the stability of perovskite solar cells (PSCs). In this study, we systematically investigate the effects of interfacial cesium halide (CsX, X = Cl, Br, I) intercalation on the morphology and crystallinity, charge transport properties, and environmental stability of CH 3 NH 3 I 3 (MAPbI 3 )-based PSCs. A gradient interlayer of CsX was vacuum deposited on both sides of perovskite films. Comprehensive characterization revealed that Br − and Cl − effectively increase crystallinity, passivate defects, and facilitate charge extraction. Among the three halides, Br − intercalated devices achieved the highest power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 18.93 %, along with minimal hysteresis and excellent reproducibility. Long-term stability tests under 30 %–40 % relative humidity and thermal aging at 85 °C revealed that devices with intercalated Br − and Cl − retained over 85 % of their initial PCE after 4000 and 640 h, respectively. These findings highlight that interfacial halide intercalation, particularly with Br − , is a viable approach to improve the operational stability of perovskite photovoltaics, with minimal efficiency compromise.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".