Gigawatt level, 10 fs high efficiency visible pulse generation
Bibliographic record
Abstract
We present a robust approach capable of generating ultrashort pulses in the visible (VIS) spectral range through second-harmonic generation of broadened pulses centered at around 1030 nm. Tunable VIS pulses with durations as short as 10 fs, sub-20 fs, and sub-50 fs across the 420–600 nm range are achieved by spectrally broadening the 1030 nm output employing a dual-stage hollow-core fiber setup, followed by frequency doubling in cascaded beta barium borate (β-BaB2O4, BBO) crystals. The system delivers pulse energies ranging from a few to above hundred microjoules at repetition rates ranging between 10 and 100 kHz, while maintaining excellent beam quality and power stability over several hours of continuous operation. These characteristics make the source highly suitable for applications in ultrafast spectroscopy, nonlinear optics, and strong-field physics.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".