Ethnoracial identity, skin color, and national pride in Latin America
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Little is known about national pride in Latin America, a region with strong ethnoracial hierarchies but a history of promoting racial democracy ideals. Some theoretical frameworks imply that ethnoracial minorities will express less national pride than dominant groups. Other theories suggest that inclusive national discourses stressing racial democracy will dilute ethnoracial variations in national pride. Using data on seven Latin American countries from the AmericasBarometer and the Project on Ethnicity and Race in Latin America (2010–2017), this research examines how national pride varies by ethnoracial group and skin color. Regression results show that ethnoracial identity and skin color are poor predictors of national pride. Perceived disrespect of one’s ethnic group is associated with lower levels of national pride, however, which suggests that perceived social exclusion is an important source of minority alienation in Latin America. Analyses of the connection between race and national pride should then consider the diverse ways in which minorities might be incorporated into the national community.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".