Text Mining and Machine Learning-Based Data Extraction for Environmental Pollutants (PPDs and PPDs-Q): Machine Learning-Enabled Global Aqueous Concentration Compilation and Potential Biotic Risk Implications
Bibliographic record
Abstract
p-Phenylenediamine antioxidants (ppDs) and their quinone derivatives (ppDs-Q) are key additives in rubber products with strong toxicity, persistence, and increasing aquatic concentrations, though global data scarcity hinders risk assessment. Thisstudy addressed limitations of manual data extraction by using a python-based toolkit integrating ocR and Spacy neural networks to eficiently extract key information (concentrations,locations, media) from unstructured literature, compiling globaldata via Web of science, scopus, and pubMed. ppDs/ppDs-Q show significant concentration differences across global aquaticmedia: in artificial water, 6ppD in road runoff reaches 80019,000 ng/L (Seattle, UsA) and 907 ng/L (china's Greater Bay Area)with lower levels in wastewater effluents; in natural water, 6ppD-Q varies regionally (2003,500 ng/L in Us rivers, 290890 ng/lin Canadian rivers, 0.2611.3 ng/L in chinese rivers); snowmelt water shows high 6ppD.Q (19.0 g/L in seattle, 367 ng/L aver.age in Canadian cold cities,. species sensitivity follows patterns: salmoniformes are most sensitive to 6PPD/6PPD-Q (LC/EC5O <0.001 mg/L), followed by echinoderms/mollusks, with lower sensitivity in lower trophic organisms. Coupled analysis showsUS river 6PpD-Q exceeds ultra-sensitive organisms' thresholds, chinese rivers pose subchronic risks to benthic organisms,and widespread detection in human fluids indicates continuous exposure. This "ocR-neural network" framework resolvesmanual extraction bottienecks, provlding an extensible paradigm for other bolutants, wnle conclusons support regulationsecological protection,and risk management for PPDs.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".