Effects of iron deficiency anaemia on maternal haemodynamics and cardiac function in pregnant spontaneously hypertensive rats
Bibliographic record
Abstract
AIMS: Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDPs) are characterized by adverse or inadequate maternal cardiovascular adaptations and are associated with poor perinatal outcomes. Iron deficiency (ID) is a common pregnancy complication that elicits numerous cardiovascular adaptations. Though generally considered deleterious in pregnancy, whether ID mitigates or exacerbates maternal cardiovascular dysfunction in HDP has not been investigated. METHODS AND RESULTS: Pregnant spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs) and normotensive Wistar Kyoto rats were fed either an iron-replete or an iron-restricted diet prior to and throughout pregnancy. Pregnant dams underwent tail-cuff plethysmography and echocardiography throughout pregnancy, as well as pressure-volume loop assessments and in vivo blood pressure (BP) measurements on GD21 (term = GD22). Data were analysed by two-way ANOVA with Holm-Šídák's post hoc test. Dietary iron restriction caused progressive BP lowering throughout gestation that was most apparent in SHR dams. By GD21, all ID dams had moderate anaemia, whereas ID foetuses of both strains exhibited signs of severe anaemia, asymmetric growth restriction, and placentomegaly. Maternal ID was associated with left ventricular remodeling in both strains, albeit circulating N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide levels-a marker of pathological stretch-were reduced in ID-SHR dams. Maternal ID hearts exhibited enhanced ventricular performance reflected by increased stroke volume and cardiac output relative to their iron-replete counterparts. ID also improved cardiac efficiency and ventriculo-arterial coupling, and these latter effects were most pronounced in SHR dams. CONCLUSION: ID in pregnancy was associated with greater BP lowering and improved cardiac performance in SHR dams compared to normotensive WKY dams, albeit ID foetuses from both strains exhibited growth restriction and placentomegaly. These findings highlight a complex interaction between ID anaemia in pre-existing hypertension in pregnancy and, if translated to humans, could have important implications for the identification and management of both prevalent health conditions.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".