Electrostatic MEMS Phase Shifter for SiN Photonic Integrated Circuits
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Optical phase modulation is essential for a wide range of silicon photonic integrated circuits used in communication applications. In this study, an optical phase shifter utilizing photo-elastic effects is proposed, where mechanical stress is induced by electrostatic micro-electro-mechanical systems (MEMS) with actuators arranged in a comb drive configuration. The design incorporates suspended serpentine silicon nitride (SiN) optical waveguides. Through extensive numerical simulations, it is shown that the change in the effective refractive index (neff) of the optical waveguide is a function of the voltage applied to the electrostatic actuators and that such neff tuning can be achieved for a broad range of wavelengths. Implemented within one arm of an unbalanced Mach–Zehnder interferometer (MZI), the phase shifter achieves a phase change of π when the stressed optical path measures 4.7 mm, and the actuators are supplied with 80 V DC and consume almost no power. This results in a half-wave voltage-length product (VπL) of 37.6 V·cm. Comparative analysis with contemporary optical phase shifters highlights the proposed design’s superior power efficiency, compact footprint, and simplified fabrication process, making it a highly efficient component for reconfigurable MEMS-based silicon nitride photonic integrated circuits.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".