The effect of thermoactivated pile spacing on the thermo-mechanical response of energy soldier piled walls—experimental study and initial numerical observations
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Piles used for vertical and lateral support can function as heat exchangers. While there is extensive knowledge on the thermo-mechanical response of axially loaded piles, less is known about laterally loaded piles. Observations show minimal differences between largely spaced thermo-activated piles in piled energy walls and axially loaded piles, with more significant effects reflected in axially thermally induced stress. This study uses experimental and numerical methods to examine the impact of activating multiple piles with different inter-pile spacings on the structural and geotechnical performance of piles in a retaining wall built in sedimentary rocks. Experimental results indicate that activating largely spaced piles is comparable to activating closely spaced piles with a reduced temperature change. Initial numerical results confirm that over the experimental period, the thermally induced structural demands shear forces and bending moments, and lateral displacements remain marginal to their initial mechanically induced demands, while remaining within the design limits for the case study.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".