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Record W4413828915 · doi:10.1007/s11096-025-01986-0

Experiences of people who inject drugs with hepatitis C testing and their perceptions of a pharmacy-based testing option: a qualitative study

2025· article· en· W4413828915 on OpenAlexafffund
Cathy Balsom, Shawn Bugden, Lois Jackson, Deborah Kelly

Bibliographic record

VenueInternational Journal of Clinical Pharmacy · 2025
Typearticle
Languageen
FieldMedicine
TopicHepatitis C virus research
Canadian institutionsDalhousie UniversityUniversity of ManitobaMemorial University of Newfoundland
FundersCanadian Institutes of Health Research
KeywordsMedicinePharmacyFamily medicinePerceptionQualitative researchPharmacology

Abstract

fetched live from OpenAlex

BACKGROUND: People who inject drugs (PWID) are at high risk of acquiring hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection, yet many remain undiagnosed due to testing barriers. Pharmacy-based point-of-care testing could improve access; however, little is known about its acceptability among PWID. AIM: To explore the experiences of PWID with HCV testing and their perceptions of a pharmacy-based HCV testing option. METHOD: A qualitative study involving interviews with eleven PWID between June and August 2022. Participants were asked about their perceptions and experiences about HCV testing as well as their views on a proposed pharmacy-based HCV testing model which was being proposed for a separate research study. Data were analyzed using reflexive thematic analysis. RESULTS: Regarding their experiences with HCV testing, participants recognized the importance of testing to know their status both for their health and that of others. Several challenges to testing were described, and participants described the impact of the primary care provider on testing. It was suggested that opioid agonist therapy programs were a missed opportunity for testing, and many potential advantages to pharmacy testing were described. Privacy and confidentiality within the pharmacy, as well as the impact of the relationship with pharmacists and staff were key factors influencing uptake. CONCLUSION: Pharmacy-based HCV testing is viewed by participants as a convenient and acceptable testing option. Addressing stigma, ensuring privacy, and building trust with pharmacy staff appear to be critical for uptake. This approach may help to engage PWID in HCV testing as part of HCV elimination efforts.

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

How this classification was reachedexpand

Full frame distilled prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.002
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.007
Version: codex-gemma-dda1882f352aValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesnone
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Observational · Consensus signal: Observational
GenreCandidate signal: Empirical · Consensus signal: Empirical
Teacher disagreement score0.288
Threshold uncertainty score0.829

Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0020.007
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0010.000
Bibliometrics0.0000.001
Science and technology studies0.0000.000
Scholarly communication0.0000.000
Open science0.0000.000
Research integrity0.0000.001
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0000.000

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.161
GPT teacher head0.548
Teacher spread0.387 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it

Classification

machine, unvalidated

Machine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.

The models applied no category: nothing in the taxonomy fit this work.
Study designObservational
Domainnot available
GenreEmpirical

How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".

Quick stats

Citations1
Published2025
Admission routes2
Has abstractyes

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