Testosterone replacement therapy and bladder cancer
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Muscle-invasive bladder cancer is a common malignancy, and its standard of care treatment often involves neoadjuvant chemotherapy and radical cystectomy. These treatments are invasive and associated with significant mortality and morbidity. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy is associated with skeletal muscle atrophy and reduced body mass, while radical cystectomy is associated with high-risk blood loss necessitating blood transfusion.Despite an established relationship between androgens and prostate cancer, it is unclear whether androgens impact other types of cancer, including bladder cancer. In fact, decades of research on the relationship between anti-androgens and cancer prevention/treatment have provided conflicting or inconclusive results. Preoperative testosterone could prevent surgery-related skeletal muscle atrophy and help maintain normal hematocrit levels. Preoperative testosterone is an inexpensive and feasible intervention and seems to improve postoperative recovery with minimal adverse effects in different patient populations.To date, no clinical trial has been conducted evaluating preoperative testosterone in bladder cancer patients. In this review, we present a rationale for the use of preoperative testosterone in bladder cancer patients, which we believe may serve as the basis for the development of a future clinical trial.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.004 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".