Investigating Intrusive and Deliberate Rumination as Mediators in the Effects of Perceived Stress on Depression and Anxiety Severity
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Rumination, a form of self-relevant repetitive thought, can manifest after stressful experiences and exacerbate symptoms of psychopathology. Intrusive rumination (IR) but not deliberate rumination (DR) has been previously shown to mediate the links between COVID-19 pandemic stress and symptoms of anxiety and depression; this study investigates whether these results generalize to stressful life experiences more broadly. 1057 participants from an online convenience sample completed questionnaires assessing perceived stress, event-related rumination, depression, and anxiety. A parallel mediation model tested whether the associations of perceived stress with anxiety and depression symptoms were mediated by IR and DR. All effects in the model were statistically significant, except the prediction of anxiety by DR. Additionally, we found that IR partially positively mediated the stress-depression and stress-anxiety associations, whereas DR partially negatively mediated the stress-depression association. Therefore, psychological treatments that promote a shift from IR to DR after a stressful experience are recommended.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.003 | 0.008 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".