Unconventional nucleus export and secondary necrosis of human leukemia T lymphocytes (Jurkat cells) transfected with <i>HIV-1 LTR CAT-TAT-72</i> : ultrastructural assessment
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Efficient transcriptional activation and replication of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1) is dependent on Tat protein. Initial observations have shown that human leukemia T lymphocytes (Jurkat cells aka Wild type or WT) transfected with HIV-1 LTR CAT TAT-72 plasmid as Control (CTJ) cells, and CTJ transfected by electroporation with pcDNA3-pU3R-CAT-TAT-72 (TJ cells) showed growth and maintenance resulting in giant and small cells with accumulated corpses. The lack of fine structure in Jurkat cells and both transfected cells aimed at us to verify their respective ultrastructure modifications. Scanning and transmission electron microscopy showed evident Cajal bodies in CTJ cells compared with WT cells and revealed unconventional nucleus export of viral-associated transcripts where eruption of the nucleus envelope spilled content from the perinuclear space toward exocytosis via a lined membranous channel continuum of endoplasmic reticulum – mitochondria envelope. TJ cells grew as small and giant cells where giant cells bore virological synapses stimulating apoptogenic impetus but where cell demise included osmotic bursts mostly resulted into secondary necrosis. Jurkat transfected cells could model in vitro resilient human T lymphocytes (or other infected cells) that remain factories of expressed HIV-1 virus proteins such as Tat, secreted and captured by other cells as in viral infections and can form giant cells. Those Tat and other transcripts induced cell demise, as in vivo those HIV-1 viral proteins and traces can amplify infectivity as in AIDS, altering primary lymphoid organs and secondary lymphoid organs.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".