Dermisichthinium pseudosporum gen. et sp. nov. (Dinophyceae, Suessiaceae): a dinoflagellate parasite in freshwater fish in Wisconsin, USA
Bibliographic record
Abstract
A novel dinoflagellate is described from bluegill Lepomis macrochirus, rock bass Ambloplites rupestris, largemouth bass Micropterus nigricans, and yellow perch Perca flavescens collected from Lundgren Lake and Townsend Flowage, Wisconsin, USA. A new genus, Dermisichthinium gen. nov., is established for this species, D. pseudosporum sp. nov., which produces white spots grossly similar to those caused by Ichthyophthirius multifiliis. Microscopically, however, the vegetative cysts of D. pseudosporum closely resemble Haidadinium ichthyophilum, a parasite of threespine stickleback Gasterosteus aculeatus. Haidadinium ichthyophilum was collected from Haida Gwaii, British Columbia, Canada, for morphological and molecular comparison. Molecular analysis of the small subunit (18S), large subunit (28S), and internal transcribed spacer rDNA regions supports the novel species description and erection of a new genus. Pairwise comparisons of partial 18S and 28S sequences revealed divergence levels approximately 3 times greater than those among congeneric suessiacean dinoflagellates. Dermisichthinium pseudosporum sp. nov. lacks a 25 bp insertion in 28S unique to H. ichthyophilum, providing a molecular character for distinguishing the 2 species and supporting their placement in separate genera. Phylogenetic analyses consistently place D. pseudosporum sp. nov. and H. ichthyophilum in distinct clades. This study enhances our understanding of parasitic dinoflagellate diversity, underscores the importance of integrating morphological, molecular, and other diagnostic characteristics in their taxonomic classification, and offers valuable diagnostic insight for fish health professionals and parasitologists encountering this unusual group of cyst-forming dinoflagellates.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".