Sexual health behavior trends in a nationally representative sample of Canadian migrant adolescents from 2014 to 2022
Bibliographic record
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Migrant youth in Canada are disproportionately vulnerable to the consequences of inadequate contraception use compared to their Canada-born peers, yet the sexual health behaviours of this population across time are poorly understood. This study mapped national Canadian trends in migrant adolescent sexual health behaviors disaggregated by migrant status and sex over eight years. METHODS: Canadian Health Behaviour in School-aged Children (HBSC) study data were analyzed in 2014, 2018, and 2022 for sexual experience, condom, contraceptive pill, dual and neither method use at last intercourse. Age-adjusted logistic regressions examined prevalence trends of sexual health behaviors across years stratified by migrant status separately for boys and girls. Using non-migrants as referent group and 2014 as referent year, we then examined contrasts for disparities by year to test whether differences in sexual health behavior prevalence between migrant and non-migrant youth widened, narrowed, or remained stable for each sex. RESULTS: Migrant girls were less likely to report sexual experience across all waves, a gap that remained consistent in 2018 and 2022. Compared to 2014, sexual health behaviors declined across all groups, especially migrants. Migrant boys were less likely to report sexual experience in 2018 and were less likely than Canada-born youth to use condoms in 2022. Contraceptive pill use was lower among migrant girls in 2022, this gap narrowed. Migrant boys were less likely to use contraceptive pills in 2018, this gap narrowed. Use of the dual method of contraception was lower in 2022 among migrant girls and boys. Migrant boys were more likely than non-migrants to use neither method in 2018 and 2022, this gap widened. CONCLUSIONS: Accessible contraception, culturally safe and relevant health information/services are recommended to counter declining contraception and safer sex behaviors among migrant youth.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.003 | 0.004 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.003 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".