Holocene lake-level changes in Celestine Lake, Canadian Rocky Mountains, identified using stable isotopes, geochemistry, and mineralogy
Bibliographic record
Abstract
A multiproxy lake-level reconstruction from Celestine Lake, located in Jasper National Park, Alberta, Canada, provides quantifiable evidence for Holocene precipitation-evaporation balance. Celestine Lake produces authigenic carbonate in its shallow waters while preserving organic sediments in the deeper basin. Sedimentary analysis of three cores collected from Celestine Lake along a shallow- to deep-water transect, analysis of modern lake water geochemistry, and surface sediment characteristics provide a model for interpreting downcore changes in carbonate and organic matter content in the context of prolonged shifts in water level. The modern thermocline at 420–550 cm below water level matches the transition from shallow-water carbonates to deep-water organic sediment. Shallow-water carbonates are almost absent in the mid-depth core from 7–2 ka BP, suggesting a 1–2 m higher lake level during this period than from 11–7 ka BP and 2 ka BP-present when carbonate sediments dominate. Concurrent shifts in carbonate mineralogy and a ~5 ‰ increase in δ 18 O CaCO3 indicate the erosion of detrital dolomite into the lake driven by the wetter conditions. Comparison to ~50 lake records across the North American Rocky Mountain region suggests that the middle Holocene wetness may have resulted from a northward shift in the westerly jet stream that increased the seasonality of precipitation and left the northern United States dry. The Celestine Lake dataset combines sedimentological analysis, stable isotopes, water geochemistry, and mineralogy to produce a record of significant and sustained lake level increases from 7–2 ka BP in the Canadian Rockies in response to large scale hydroclimate shifts.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".