Response of yellowjackets (Hymenoptera: Vespidae) to meat, fish, and a heptyl butyrate–based synthetic chemical lure
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Catches of yellowjackets (Hymenoptera: Vespidae) in traps baited with proteinaceous baits or a heptyl butyrate–based synthetic chemical lure in British Columbia, Canada, and Rio Negro, Argentina, differed among species. In British Columbia, western yellowjackets, Vespula pensylvanica (Saussure), responded preferentially to traps baited with rotisserie chicken (Galliformes: Phasianidae) over canned chicken or canned sardines (Clupeiformes, Clupeoidei), but the synthetic chemical lure was more attractive than rotisserie chicken. Counterintuitively, when rotisserie chicken and the synthetic chemical lure were combined, catches were reduced. In British Columbia, more German yellowjackets, V. germanica Fabricius, were caught in traps baited with rotisserie chicken than with canned chicken, and in Argentina, both German and common, V. vulgaris Linnaeus, yellowjackets preferred sardine-flavoured cat (Carnivora: Felidae) food over the synthetic chemical lure. In British Columbia, northern yellowjackets, V. alascensis (Packard), showed no preference among three types of chicken or between rotisserie chicken and canned sardines. When rotisserie chicken and the synthetic chemical lure were combined, catches of both northern and German yellowjackets were no higher than when traps were baited with rotisserie chicken alone. Resolution of the differential roles of red meat-, poultry-, and fish-based baits, as well as improvement of synthetic chemical lures, would be facilitated by identification of bioactive semiochemicals.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".