Miniature Dielectric Elastomer Actuator Probe Inspecting Confined Spaces Embedding a CMOS Sensor
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Navigating and inspecting confined space is crucial for the aerospace and healthcare industries. Exploring smaller and narrower spaces allows for problems to be identified earlier, preventing negative outcomes for patients and equipment. The challenge is to scale down the navigation probe while preserving degrees of freedom (DOF) and functionality. Dielectric elastomer actuators (DEAs) are promising probe candidates because they are solid-state, electrical-driven, and can be scaled down favorably. This work demonstrates a modular 2-DOF DEA miniature probe with an embedded CMOS sensor for visual data acquisition. The modularity achieved by a novel connector system enables switching between single and dual DEA probes based on 2D or 3D pathway structures. The probes can be controlled using a pocket-sized circuit with two knobs to turn. We present the operating mechanism, device assembly, fabrication, and characterization of DEA bending actuators with widths below 2 mm. In the end, we demonstrate the ability of devices to navigate through various complex and confined pathways.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".