Wideband Cognitive Radio for Joint Communication and Sensing: Optimization of Subcarrier Allocation and Beamforming
Bibliographic record
Abstract
As data traffic grows, wireless systems shift to higher frequency bands (6 GHz and above), where radar systems also operate. This coexistence demands effective interference management and efficient wideband utilization. Cognitive Radio (CR) offers a solution but remains limited to single-node or narrowband systems. This paper introduces a generalized wideband CR-enabled communication and sensing system with multiple users and targets. We propose a communication and sensing sub-carrier allocations framework, followed by transmit beamforming for the primary communication BS and sensing signal design for the secondary radar BS. The goal is to maximize the communication sum rate while ensuring sensing requirements, minimizing interference, and adhering to power constraints. To solve the resulting non-convex problem, we develop a manifold optimization algorithm for communication-only sub-carriers and an alternating optimization approach using the generalized Rayleigh quotient and semidefinite relaxation for communication-sensing sub-carriers. Compared to a non-cooperative benchmark, the proposed system with 12 BS antennas achieves 10.5% and 31.4% gains in communication and sensing rates.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".