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Record W4413958753 · doi:10.5267/j.jpm.2025.8.007

API-based dynamic programming model and optimization of vehicle routing: Cases of fluctuations in demand, traffic, capacity, and availability

2025· article· en· W4413958753 on OpenAlexvenueno aff
Osamah Abdulhameed, Naveed Ahmed

Bibliographic record

VenueJournal of Project Management · 2025
Typearticle
Languageen
FieldEngineering
TopicTransportation and Mobility Innovations
Canadian institutionsnot available
Fundersnot available
KeywordsDynamic programmingRouting (electronic design automation)Computer scienceVehicle routing problemOn demandComputer networkAlgorithm

Abstract

fetched live from OpenAlex

The primary challenge in the supply chain is minimizing travel distance and time between hubs and customers. Inappropriate assignment of vehicle routing results in travel distances longer than required, causing delays in achieving timely deliveries, and ultimately negatively affect the customer expectations routes. In this study, the selecting optimal vehicle routing has been addressed. This involves calculating the shortest possible that meets the demand effectively while adhering to various logistical constraints like warehouse fixed positions, demand variety, demand quantity, and destination locations. Dynamic programming has been developed where numerous time period-based fluctuations can be accommodated such as fluctuations in traffic, alternative routes availability, and changes in travel distances. The weighted demand cost matrix has been introduced to prioritize and cluster the group of customer nodes for the assignment of certain vehicles. Moreover, API google distance matrix (latitudes and longitudes) has been integrated into the model to extract live locations of source-and-demand nodes which are a function of different time periods of a day. The dynamic has optimized the vehicle routes and results in 30.9% reduction comparing the existing case. The validation was done through four more cases where different possibilities such as business expansion, network growth, demand fluctuations, and vehicle capacities.

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

How this classification was reachedexpand

Full frame distilled prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.000
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.000
Version: codex-gemma-dda1882f352aValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesnone
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Simulation or modeling · Consensus signal: Simulation or modeling
GenreCandidate signal: Empirical · Consensus signal: Empirical
Teacher disagreement score0.171
Threshold uncertainty score0.261

Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0000.000
Bibliometrics0.0000.000
Science and technology studies0.0000.000
Scholarly communication0.0000.000
Open science0.0000.000
Research integrity0.0000.000
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0000.000

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.017
GPT teacher head0.261
Teacher spread0.244 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it

Classification

machine, unvalidated

Machine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.

The models applied no category: nothing in the taxonomy fit this work.
Study designSimulation or modeling
Domainnot available
GenreEmpirical

How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".

Quick stats

Citations1
Published2025
Admission routes1
Has abstractyes

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