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Record W4413972781 · doi:10.1139/dsa-2024-0072

A systematic literature review of drones in emergency medicine: practical applications, legal challenges, and future directions

2025· article· en· W4413972781 on OpenAlex
Fakher Rahim, Nameer Hashim Qasim

Why this work is in the frame

A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.

venuePublished in a venue whose home country is Canada.
no affNo Canadian affiliation: this work is invisible to an affiliation-only frame.
No Canadian affiliation. An affiliation-only frame, the usual design, would never have seen this work. It is one of the works that make the case for inverting the frame.

Bibliographic record

VenueDrone Systems and Applications · 2025
Typearticle
Languageen
FieldHealth Professions
TopicDisaster Response and Management
Canadian institutionsnot available
Fundersnot available
KeywordsDroneEngineering ethicsEngineeringBiology

Abstract

fetched live from OpenAlex

This systematic analysis seeks to assess drones’ practical uses, legal issues, benefits, and limitations in emergency medical services, thereby contributing to a better understanding of their future potential. Data from peer-reviewed articles about drone deployment in medical situations were gathered by thoroughly searching electronic databases and pertinent literature. The studies were evaluated based on their methodology, context-specific issues, and findings on drone operating efficacy. The review highlighted various benefits of drone use, including notably shorter reaction times and increased access to remote or difficult-to-reach locations. However, obstacles such as legal restrictions, limited payload capabilities, and technical constraints in harsh weather conditions were significant. Use of drones to quickly transport Automated External Defibrillators (AEDs) in urban and rural settings, which can double the chance of surviving if done during the time of first intervention. Drones have the potential to be a strong asset to emergency medical services, improving patient care and response times in crucial but regular situations. Technical, legislative, and logistic barriers still need to be overcome to envisage its future use. Additional research is necessary to enhance the functionality of drones and the standardization of their integration alongside public health emergency response planning to balance innovation with safety and to realize maximal benefit with adherence to regulatory provisions.

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

Full frame distilled prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.001
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.000
Version: codex-gemma-dda1882f352aValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesnone
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Not applicable · Consensus signal: none
GenreCandidate signal: Review · Consensus signal: Review
Teacher disagreement score0.894
Threshold uncertainty score0.506

Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0010.000
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0010.000
Bibliometrics0.0000.001
Science and technology studies0.0000.000
Scholarly communication0.0000.000
Open science0.0000.000
Research integrity0.0000.000
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0000.000

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.031
GPT teacher head0.411
Teacher spread0.380 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it