Desert Locust and Rural Livelihood Insecurities in Northeast Shewa, Ethiopia, 1900–1991
Bibliographic record
Abstract
It is apparent that the desert locust was and is one of the major challenges of human beings. This study attempts to investigate the impacts of desert locust infestation on the society and natural environment in Northeast Shewa, 1900–1991. The finding of this study reveals that this pest, in combination with other human and natural forces, made impoverishment of the local society an enduring phenomenon. Desert locusts that originated in the hot lowlands within and outside the country migrated deep into the hinterlands of Ethiopia, of which my study area was a part, following the direction of the wind. It damaged crops, grasses, and green leaves along the way. It caused the decline of productivity and intensified competition over resources that gradually ended up with conflicts, displacement, and death, particularly among the sedentary agriculturalists and pastoralists. It also caused starvation and famine. Environmentally, desert locust infestation disturbed the food web in particular and the balance in the ecosystem in general. The impact of the pest has been serious, with the progressive decline of vegetation cover and the associated climate change in the region, particularly since the post-liberation period.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".