Financing the border: racial capitalism, migration, and the practices of the Canadian state
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Canada is often recognised as one of the most progressive nations in the world when it comes to the acceptance of refugees and multiculturalism as national policy. However, the longer history of border management on the grounds of race cannot be ignored. Focusing on the contemporary Canadian border regime, we ask: How is the Canadian border financed and maintained, and how do the practices of the border materially impact the lives of racialised people who are allowed to enter Canada? We answer these questions as follows: First, we examine the public funding infrastructure of the border, by which we mean the national budgeting for border protection and the policing of those deemed illegal or irregular. Second, we interrogate how the Canadian state permits and facilitates the exploitation of the racialised migrant labourers who are allowed into the nation, to the benefit of businesses and credit issuers. Through this two-pronged analysis, we argue that the Canadian border and immigration regime is illustrative of a racial capitalist state which functions to (1) exclude unwanted people from the nation, (2) facilitate low-wage labour exploitation, and (3) incorporate racialised migrants into wider systems of credit and debt.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".