Characterization of Human Recombinant β1,4-GalNAc-Transferase B4GALNT1 and Inhibition by Selected Compounds
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Gangliosides are essential for membrane functions, cell recognition, and maintenance of the nervous system. GM2 gangliosidosis is a group of rare genetic lysosomal storage diseases that includes Tay-Sachs disease (TSD), Sandhoff disease (SD), and AB variant. TSD and SD are characterized by deficient β-N-acetyl-hexosaminidase activity. This leads to decreased catabolism of β-N-acetyl-hexosamine-containing ganglioside GM2 in the lysosomes, damage to cells and tissues, and severe neurological symptoms. GM2 is a major ganglioside accumulating in TSD and SD, and is synthesized from GM3 by β1,4-N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase 1 (B4GALNT1, GM2 synthase). Therapies under development for GM2 gangliosidosis include adeno-associated virus gene therapy, enzyme replacement, and substrate reduction therapy (SRT). The goal of this work was to express and purify human B4GALNT1, characterize its activity, and explore its structural features by protein modeling and substrate docking. We used a panel of synthetic compounds to study their potential inhibition of B4GALNT1 activity. This work can serve to develop SRT for GM2 gangliosidosis.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".