Imagining Childhood in Colonial Bengal: Children’s Periodicals, Readership, and Vernacular Publishing, ca. 1880–1920
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract: This paper investigates the sociocultural implications of a relatively understudied print medium in late nineteenth- and early twentieth-century Bengali literary culture, the children’s periodical. Through a study of Pramadacharan Sen’s Sakhā , Sivanath Sastri’s Mukul , and Upendrakishor Raychaudhuri’s Sandeś , this paper explores how the emergence of these vernacular periodicals was interlinked with the construction of a literary selfhood among the Bengali middle classes and their understanding of childhood and children’s literature from the 1870s onwards. Using Robert Darnton’s circulation model of print culture in a colonial context, it also traces the material basis of these children’s periodicals, the technologies of their production, and their diffusion, transformation, and commercial survival within a larger colonial print market until the 1920s.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".