Associations between gestational polybrominated diphenyl ether (PBDE) serum concentrations and child sleep outcomes from ages 2–8 years
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Gestational polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) exposures have been associated with thyroid disruption in pregnant women and adverse neurobehavioral outcomes in their children, but it is unknown if they interfere with children's sleep patterns. We assessed gestational PBDE exposure (16 weeks) and child sleep patterns from ages 2-8 years using 410 mother-child dyads in the Health Outcomes and Measures of the Environment (HOME) Study. Gestational biomarkers of serum PBDEs include PBDE-153 (GM ± GSD: 5.2 ± 2.8 ng/g lipid), PBDE-100 (4 ± 2.6), PBDE-99 (4.6 ± 2.7), PBDE-47 (20.2 ± 2.6), PBDE-28 (1.3 ± 2.2), and ΣPBDEs (37.03 ± 2.52). We measured child sleep patterns using the adapted Child Sleep Health Questionnaire, which includes sleep irregularity (mean ± SD: 2.5 ± 0.8), hypersomnolence (4.7 ± 1.5), sleep disruption (6.7 ± 1.6), and sleep duration. We assessed longitudinal associations between gestational PBDEs and sleep patterns using generalized estimating equations, adjusting for covariates. For PBDE-visit interactions (p < 0.1), visit-specific estimates with 95 % CIs were calculated; otherwise, the overall estimate was reported. Every 10-fold increase in PBDE-99 (β = 0.18, 95 % CI: 0.04, 0.23), PBDE-47 (0.15, 95 % CI: 0.001, 0.3) and ΣPBDEs (0.13, 95 % CI: 0.21, 0.27) was associated with increased sleep irregularity for all years, and PBDE-28 was associated with this outcome at age 5 and 8 years (0.43, 95 % CI: 0.09, 0.77). PBDE-153 (-0.5, 95 % CI: 1.06, 0.05) was associated with decreased hypersomnolence at age 4 years. PBDE-47 (0.3, 95 % CI: 0.004, 0.61), PBDE-99 (0.38, 95 % CI: 0.1, 0.67 and 0.62), and ΣPBDEs (0.27, 95 % CI: 0.02, 0.56) were associated with increased sleep disruption for all ages. We observed no significant associations between PBDEs and sleep duration. We found that gestational PBDEs were associated with sleep irregularity and sleep disruption in children, highlighting the need to explore sleep as a mediator of PBDE-associated neurobehavioral problems.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".