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Spatial and temporal evaluations of the liquid argon purity in ProtoDUNE-SP
A. Abed Abud, R. Acciarri, Luiz Paulo Accorsi, M. A. Acero, M. R. Adames, G. Adamov, M. Adamowski, C. Adriano, F. Akbar, F. Alemanno, Nimmy Sarah Alex, K. K. Allison, M. Alrashed, R. Alvarez, Tiago Alves, Adil Aman, Hamza Amar, P. Amedo, J. Anderson, D. A. Andrade, C Andreopoulos, M. Andreotti, M.P. Andrews, F. Andrianala, S. Andringa, Fleuri Anjarazafy, S. Ansarifard, Dragan Antić, M. Antoniassi, Alfredo Aranda, L. Arellano, E. Arrieta Díaz, M. A. Arroyave, Maria Arteropons, J. Asaadi, M. V. Ascencio, A. Ashkenazi, D. Asner, L. Asquith, E. T. Atkin, D. Auguste, A. Aurisano, V. Aushev, D. Autiero, Daniel Ávila Gómez, M. Azam, F. Azfar, H.O. Back, J.J. Back, Y. Bae, I. Bagaturia, L. Bagby, D. Baigarashev, S. Balasubramanian, Anna Balboni, Pierre Baldi, W. Baldini, Jacobo Baldonedo, B. Baller, Bindu A. Bambah, F. Barão, Daniel Barbu, Gabriela Barenboim, Pablo Barham Alzás, Gareth J. Barker, W. Barkhouse, G. Barr, A. Barros, N. Barros, D. Barrow, J. Barrow, A. Basharina-Freshville, A. 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Bibliographic record
VenueJournal of Instrumentation · 2025
Typearticle
Languageen
FieldPhysics and Astronomy
TopicNeutrino Physics Research
Canadian institutionsYork UniversityUniversity of Toronto
Fundersnot available
KeywordsArgonMaterials sciencePhysicsAtomic physics
Abstract
Abstract Liquid argon time projection chambers (LArTPCs) rely on highly pure argon to ensure that ionization electrons produced by charged particles reach readout arrays. ProtoDUNE Single-Phase (ProtoDUNE-SP) was an approximately 700-ton liquid argon detector intended to prototype the Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment (DUNE) Far Detector Horizontal Drift module. It contains two drift volumes bisected by the cathode plane assembly, which is biased to create an almost uniform electric field in both volumes. The DUNE Far Detector modules must have robust cryogenic systems capable of filtering argon and supplying the TPC with clean liquid. This paper will explore comparisons of the argon purity measured by the purity monitors with those measured using muons in the TPC from October 2018 to November 2018. A new method is introduced to measure the liquid argon purity in the TPC using muons crossing both drift volumes of ProtoDUNE-SP. For extended periods on the timescale of weeks, the drift electron lifetime was measured to be above 30 ms using both systems. A particular focus will be placed on the measured purity of argon as a function of position in the detector.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
metaresearch head score (Codex)0.000
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.000
Version: codex-gemma-dda1882f352aValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesnone
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Observational · Consensus signal: none
GenreCandidate signal: Empirical · Consensus signal: Empirical
Teacher disagreement score0.627
Threshold uncertainty score0.138
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
Opus teacher head0.019
GPT teacher head0.352
Teacher spread0.333 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation status
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
The models applied no category: nothing in the taxonomy fit this work.
Study designObservational
Domainnot available
GenreEmpirical
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".
Quick stats
Citations4
Published2025
Admission routes1
Has abstractyes