Polyaniline‐Coated Iron‐Rich Coal Fly Ash Nanocomposite for Efficient Removal of Cr (VI) from Tannery Effluent
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract This study presents a low‐cost, eco‐friendly synthesis of a novel nanocomposite (IRCFA‐PANI@Ag NC) composed of iron‐rich coal fly ash (IRCFA), polyaniline (PANI), and silver nanoparticles derived from floral waste. The NC exhibits a high Cr (VI) adsorption capacity of 512.82 mg/g at pH 5.0 and demonstrates excellent regeneration and recyclability. Adsorption data fitted the Langmuir isotherm model, indicating monolayer adsorption. Kinetic studies indicated rapid uptake and strong affinity toward Cr (VI), while thermodynamic analysis confirmed the spontaneous and favourable nature of the process. The incorporation of PANI improved surface functionality, while silver nanoparticles enhanced stability and increase surface area resulting in superior adsorption and reusability. Regeneration experiments demonstrated excellent recyclability over multiple cycles without significant loss of efficiency. The synergistic interaction of IRCFA, PANI and silver nanoparticles enhances the NC stability, reusability, and Cr (VI) removal efficiency, positioning IRCFA‐PANI@Ag NC as a promising candidate for industrial wastewater treatment.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".