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Record W4414014967 · doi:10.1364/optcon.573424

Combined rule-based and generative artificial intelligence in the design of smartphone optics

2025· article· en· W4414014967 on OpenAlex

Why this work is in the frame

A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.

affAt least one author lists a Canadian institution in the pinned OpenAlex snapshot.

Bibliographic record

VenueOptics Continuum · 2025
Typearticle
Languageen
FieldEngineering
TopicArchitecture and Computational Design
Canadian institutionsUniversité Laval
FundersEuropean Research Executive Agency
KeywordsGenerative grammarComputer scienceArtificial intelligenceEngineeringHuman–computer interaction

Abstract

fetched live from OpenAlex

This paper reports on a study of design methodology for smartphone lenses utilizing generative and rule-based artificial intelligence (AI) algorithms. The proposed innovative design method utilizes the GPT-4, an OpenAI model, to generate macros for global optimization algorithms used in designing smartphone lenses. A comprehensive global search for optimal starting points of smartphone lenses has been conducted to obtain training sets. The training of a generative AI model for lens design was carried out through the application of prompt engineering techniques. We trained a GPT-4 model developing a framework for coding macros, creating a merit function, and evaluating the obtained starting designs. The results demonstrate the practical value of the proposed design methodology based on AI algorithms in the design of a 21.4 megapixel smartphone lens.

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

Full frame distilled prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.000
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.000
Version: codex-gemma-dda1882f352aValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesnone
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Simulation or modeling · Consensus signal: Simulation or modeling
GenreCandidate signal: Methods · Consensus signal: none
Teacher disagreement score0.889
Threshold uncertainty score0.319

Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0000.000
Bibliometrics0.0000.000
Science and technology studies0.0000.000
Scholarly communication0.0000.000
Open science0.0000.000
Research integrity0.0000.000
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0000.000

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.017
GPT teacher head0.230
Teacher spread0.214 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it