Nutritional Value, Antinutritional Factors, and Protein Quality of <i>Brosimum alicastrum</i> Seeds: A Sustainable Protein Source
Bibliographic record
Abstract
High Resolution Image Download MS PowerPoint Slide This study evaluated the nutritional and antinutritional (ANFs) composition and protein profiles of different components of Ramon ( Brosimum alicastrum ) seed, including the seed coat, fruit, and both roasted and green (unprocessed) seeds. Proximate composition, mineral content, ANFs quantification, amino acid profile, in vitro protein digestibility, SDS-PAGE, proteomics, and gluten ELISA were performed. Protein contents ranged from 9.85 to 10.69 g/100 g. ANFs─saponins (961.10–1337.58 mg DE/100 g), tannins (12.67–208.66 mg CE/100 g), phytic acid (1327.88–3592.51 mg/100 g), and oxalates (365.08–1431.48 mg CaC 2 O 4 /100 g)─varied by processing. In vitro digestibility-corrected amino acid scores (25.05–47.85%) confirmed low to moderate digestibility. SDS-PAGE showed low-molecular-weight proteins (<25 kDa) predominantly, and mass spectrometry corroborated the presence of β-amylase and glucan-phosphorylase proteins. Gluten ELISA analysis confirmed Ramon flour is gluten-free. These results highlight Ramon seeds as a sustainable, nutrient-dense, gluten-free protein source suitable for functional food applications, addressing future protein security needs.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".