Sex‐specific pathways from early irritability trajectories to later suicidal ideations and behaviors: Findings from the <scp>ABCD</scp> study®
Bibliographic record
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Previous studies have demonstrated that children with high irritability are at increased risk for suicidal ideations and behaviors. However, they have mostly relied on teacher reports and shown mixed findings regarding sex differences. We aimed to identify developmental trajectories of childhood irritability, test their direct and indirect (through psychopathology) associations with adolescent suicidal ideations and behaviors, and examine whether these associations differed by sex. METHODS: This study used five waves of data from the adolescent brain cognitive development (ABCD) Study (N = 4,583). Parents rated their children's irritability yearly from ages 9-10 to ages 11-12, internalizing (e.g. depression) and externalizing (e.g. aggression) symptoms at ages 12-13, and suicidal ideations and behaviors (SIBs) at ages 13-14 using the child behavior checklist. Subgroups of irritability trajectories were derived using growth mixture modeling. Path analysis was conducted to test the total, direct, and indirect pathways from irritability trajectories to SIBs through internalizing and externalizing symptoms, and sex differences in those paths. RESULTS: Four irritability trajectories were identified: low-stable (73.01%), rising (12.04%), declining (10.28%), and high-stable (4.67%). Compared with the other trajectories, children on the high-stable irritability trajectory were at higher risk for suicidal ideations (β = .13, p < .001), directly (β = .03, p = .04) and indirectly through internalizing and externalizing (β = .04 and 0.05, respectively, p's < .001) symptoms. Sex differences emerged for the rising and declining trajectories: pathways to suicidal ideations were mainly mediated by internalizing symptoms in females and externalizing symptoms in males. Pathways from all irritability trajectories to suicidal behaviors were mediated by internalizing and externalizing symptoms and were stronger in females than males. CONCLUSIONS: Distinct trajectories of parent-reported irritability in childhood are differentially associated with suicidal ideation and behavior in adolescence, with the high-stable trajectory conferring the greatest risk. Internalizing and externalizing symptoms play key mediating roles, with notable sex differences in children following rising and declining irritability trajectories. Females with high irritability at any time point in preadolescence were at particular risk for suicidal behaviors.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".