The interplay of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) uptake, translocation, and toxicity in plants: a critical review
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) constitute a large, multifaceted group of synthetic fluorinated compounds present in a wide range of applications such as healthcare, households, industries, and electronic gadgets. The high persistence and bioaccumulation potential of these substances in the environment have raised significant concerns. The recalcitrant nature and high mobility make their remediation almost impossible. The rate of PFAS uptake, transformation, and accumulation varies among different plant parts and is influenced by ambient variables, compound-specific properties, plant species, and other competing factors. The primary objective of this review is to critically evaluate current research on the uptake, accumulation, translocation, and distribution of PFAS by various plant species. Mechanisms involved in the degradation and uptake of PFAS are also discussed in detail. The present review aims to provide a state-of-the-art overview of the toxicity and defence mechanisms of plants triggered by PFAS at physiological, biochemical, and molecular levels, thereby improving research prospects for phytoremediation of PFAS and enhancing plants' ability to hyperaccumulate PFAS.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".