Strengthening reinforced concrete columns using near-surface-mounted steel wire reinforcement: Experimental and numerical investigation
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Strengthening of reinforced concrete (RC) columns may be required to facilitate additional load-carrying capacity or for retrofitting purposes. However, traditional strengthening techniques, such as FRP confinement is prone to brittle failure and exhibits durability issues whereas steel/concrete jacketing increases column cross-section and weight. This study explores an innovative strengthening method for RC columns using near-surface-mounted (NSM) high-strength steel wires to enhance confinement. Experimental tests were conducted on eight RC columns under axial compression, evaluating various reinforcement configurations, namely horizontal wires, combined horizontal-diagonal wires, and embedded-end anchorage. The results showed the load capacity of the columns increased by 38–65 %, and energy absorption by 175–404 %. Columns strengthened with combined horizontal and diagonal reinforcement showed better structural performance than other configurations. Numerical simulations are also carried out using Abaqus and validated against the experimental findings.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".