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Record W4414057391 · doi:10.1108/ijefm-01-2025-0012

Immersive events: a systematic literature review and future research agenda

2025· article· en· W4414057391 on OpenAlexaff
Kanokwan Phoaroon, James Kennell, Jonathan Skinner, Emma Delaney

Bibliographic record

VenueInternational Journal of Event and Festival Management · 2025
Typearticle
Languageen
FieldComputer Science
TopicVirtual Reality Applications and Impacts
Canadian institutionsSurrey Memorial Hospital
Fundersnot available
KeywordsThematic analysisSystematic reviewConceptual frameworkMultidisciplinary approachHospitalityField (mathematics)Thematic mapEvent (particle physics)Documentation

Abstract

fetched live from OpenAlex

Purpose Innovative immersive technologies and techniques are being applied in the events industry to create new experiences and services for guests. However, academic research in this field is dispersed and lacks coherence. Although event professionals are increasingly turning to immersion for competitive advantage, there is little agreement in the literature on the nature and impacts of immersion or on how to measure these. This paper classifies and analyses the main academic studies to date in this field and presents a conceptual model and future research agenda for its study. Design/methodology/approach A systematic literature review was carried out using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses methodology, using sources drawn from Scopus, Web of Science and Google Scholar. Articles were identified through a keyword search. Following this process, 65 articles published in English from 1990 to 2023 were thematically analysed. Findings The study analyses the characteristics of immersive events research, identifies its main themes and research gaps and suggests future directions for this emerging field. Thematic analysis revealed four dominant thematic areas: immersion theory, technology and innovation, event design and attendee behaviour. Originality/value This paper proposes a new conceptual model for research into immersive events from a multidisciplinary perspective, drawing on insights from fields including hospitality and tourism, events, technology, computer science and engineering. Additionally, a future research agenda is proposed for this field, based on the identification of research gaps and the proposal of novel research questions.

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

How this classification was reachedexpand

Full frame machine prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.036
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.089
Version: metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061cValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesnone
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Systematic review · Consensus signal: Systematic review
GenreCandidate signal: Review · Consensus signal: Review
Teacher disagreement score0.036
Threshold uncertainty score0.190

Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0360.089
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0020.001
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0070.006
Bibliometrics0.0240.019
Science and technology studies0.0020.002
Scholarly communication0.0050.008
Open science0.0020.003
Research integrity0.0030.002
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0060.001

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.025
GPT teacher head0.379
Teacher spread0.354 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it

Classification

machine, unvalidated

Machine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.

The models applied no category: nothing in the taxonomy fit this work.
Study designSystematic review
Domainnot available
GenreReview

How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".

Quick stats

Citations2
Published2025
Admission routes1
Has abstractyes

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