Effects of curved superconducting magnets on beam stability in a compact ion therapy synchrotron
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Superconducting, curved magnets can reduce accelerator footprints by producing strong fields ( <a:math xmlns:a="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"> <a:mrow> <a:mo>></a:mo> <a:mn>3</a:mn> <a:mtext> </a:mtext> <a:mtext> </a:mtext> <a:mi mathvariant="normal">T</a:mi> </a:mrow> </a:math> ) and reducing the total number of magnets through their capability for combined-function multipolar fields, making them an attractive choice for applications such as heavy ion therapy. There exists the problem that the effect of strongly curved harmonics and fringe fields on compact accelerator beam dynamics is not well represented: existing approaches use integrated cylindrical multipoles to describe and model the fields for beam dynamics studies, which are invalid in curved coordinate systems and assume individual errors cancel out over the full machine. In the modeling of these machines, the effects of strongly curved harmonics and fringe fields on compact accelerator beam dynamics need to be properly included. An alternative approach must be introduced for capturing off-axis fields in a strongly curved magnet, which may affect long-term beam stability in a compact accelerator. In this article, we investigate the impacts of deploying a curved canted-cosine-theta (CCT) superconducting magnet in a synchrotron for the first time. We develop a method to analyze and characterize the 3D curved fields of an electromagnetic model of a CCT developed for the main bending magnets of a compact (27 m circumference) carbon ion therapy synchrotron, designed within the Heavy Ion Therapy Research Integration Plus European project (HITRIPlus), and the CERN Next Ion Medical Machine Study (NIMMS). The fields are modelled in the compact synchrotron in -/ to study their effects on beam dynamics and long-term beam stability. Results indicate that the synchrotron is able to operate with the presence of the magnetic field gradients, with considerable improvement to the long-term beam stability in the machine after tuning the higher order field gradients. The insights gained through the methods presented allow the optimisation of both magnet and synchrotron designs, with the potential to impact the operational performance of future ion therapy facilities.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".